Для птицы не менее важное значение, чем корм, имеет вода. Тело птицы в зависимости от возраста складывается на 60-80%, а яйца - на 66% из воды. Потребность птицы в чистой питьевой воде предопределена участием воды в процессах пищеварения и всасывания продуктов пищеварения, а также деятельностью разных биологических транспортных систем.
Потребление питьевой воды птицей зависит от многих факторов: возраста, массы птицы, температуры окружающей среды, физического состояния и химического состава корма. Организм птицы всегда чутко реагирует на количество и качество воды, которое она потребляет.
Ограничение в питьевой воде ведет к уменьшению или полному прекращению яйцекладки, а отсутствие воды в течение больше чем двое суток вызывает гибель птицы.
В течение суток потребление воды курами достигает минимума сразу после заполнения кормушек кормом, а также за 3 часы до начала темноты. Выявленная разница в потреблении воды курами в дни яйцекладки и овуляции: во время овуляции потребления воды увеличивается.
Птица потребляет воду в соответствующих пропорциях к принятому корму. Да, на 1 г употребленного корма куры выпивают 2 г воды, водоплавающая птица - до 3,7 г. Суточная потребность при температуре 12-16°С у кур ориентировочно представляет около 250-300 мл, в уток - 600-750 мл, индюков - 500-600 мл, гуси - до 1000 мл. Если суточная потребность корма в зависимости от температуры может отклоняться от среднего значения на 60 %, то потребление воды - на 300 %. С повышением температуры внешней среды потребления кормов уменьшается, а воды - увеличивается. Критической точкой, после которой дальнейшее повышение температуры приводит к усиленному потреблению воды, является температура воздуха 21°С. При этой температуре куры, индюки и другие виды сельскохозяйственной птицы потребляют уже 4 г питьевой воды на 1 г употребленного корма.
Питьевая вода должна быть чистой, прозрачной, не иметь никакого запаха и вкуса. Необходимо постоянно следить за состоянием воды.
При организации кормления птицы следует учитывать, что некоторые корма имеют специфическое влияние на потребление воды. Соевые шроты повышают потребление воды на 25 %, использование жиров - уменьшает его.
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